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2011年核电厂二回路壁厚减薄管理研讨会会议简介
时间:2015-12-27    来源:    分享:
  •    2011年12月19-20日,由中国核能行业协会主办,国核电站运行服务技术公司承办的2011核电厂二回路管道壁厚管理研讨会在上海举办。来自核能协会、环保部核与辐射安全中心、核电集团公司、核电营运、运行服务技术支持、研究设计院所、高校、设备制造等35家单位的70位专家和代表参加了研讨。与会专家围绕核电厂二回路管道壁厚管理实践、经验反馈、无损检测方法、相关研究进展及标准化等四个议题展开了研讨,就我国核电厂二回路管道壁厚管理领域的发展现状、实践应用、评定标准及发展趋势等进行了交流。本次研讨会是核能行业第一次针对核电厂二回路管道壁厚管理专题召开的技术研讨活动,对促进我国核电厂二回路管道壁厚减薄缓解措施的应用与经验交流、搭建行业信息共享平台、推动行业标准化管理具有积极意义。
         本次会议论文情况如下:

    序号 论文名称 论文作者 单位
    1 AP1000核电机组常规岛主汽管材配置及壁厚计算设计浅探 唐磊 李学军 湖南省电力勘测设计院
    摘 要:与国内已运行的核电机组相比,AP1000核电机组存在主蒸汽流量大、设计使用寿命长等特点,需要重新研究其主汽管道设计中的管材配臵与管道规格计算方法。目前在建的核电机组常规岛主汽管道设计所选取的管材配臵各不相同,进而影响了保证汽水管道安全性和经济性的极为重要的参数—管道壁厚的计算。本文通过调研、计算理论研究和典型计算分析等手段分析了AP1000核电机组主蒸汽管道选材和计算壁厚之间的相互关系,并初步提出AP1000核电机组主蒸汽管材配臵和壁厚计算推荐方案。
    关键词:AP1000核电机组;常规岛;主蒸汽管道;管材配臵;壁厚计算
    2 P11钢在湿蒸汽中流动加速腐蚀性能的模拟与实验研究 伊成龙1 张乐福1 徐雪莲2石秀强2 1.      上海交通大学核科学与工程学院
    2.      上海核工程研究设计院
    摘 要:在核电厂中,二回路碳钢管道的流动加速腐蚀(FAC)对安全生产造成很大影响。根据工程经验和实验室数据,采用含Cr量超过0.1%的碳钢管道可大大减轻或避免FAC。含Cr量大于1%的SA335-P11钢以其较好的性价比而多被推荐用于核电站蒸汽管道。为了确认P11钢表面氧化膜在高流速的湿蒸汽作用下的稳定性,本文采用小型管状试样以及片状试样进行了FAC实验,得到了试样的减重规律和内表面的腐蚀形貌。实验结果表明,直管试样入口部分形成明显的FAC形貌,表面氧化膜破坏严重,而在试样的中部,流动加速腐蚀不明显,片状试样中心出现冲刷环。CFD模拟结果表明,直管试样入口处局部流速比平均流速高约24%,表面剪切力大,与实验结果一致。片状试样表面剪切力分布与腐蚀结果一致。
    关键字:流动加速腐蚀;湿蒸汽;圆管试样;CFD
    Abstract:In nuclear power plants, the FAC(flow accelerated corrosion) of carbon steel occurs mainly in the secondary circuit, causing a significant impact on production safety. According to engineering experience and experiment data, carbon steel pipes with Cr more than 0.1% can greatly reduce or avoid the FAC, and based on the high cost performance,SA335-P11 steel with Cr greater than 1% is recommended for steam pipes of nuclear power plants. In order to confirm the P11 steel surface oxide film under wet steam at high velocity, the article adopts small tubular specimens and round specimens to finsih FAC experiments, achieving the sample weight loss and morphology of surface corrosion results. Experimental results show that the inlet part of sample forms a clear FAC morphology, severely damages the surface oxide film and in the center of the sample, flow accelerated corrosion is not obvious. CFD simulation results show that the entrance velocity is about 24% higher than the local flow velocity,resulting into large surface shear force, is consistent with the experimental results. Shear force distribution of round sample has good agreement with corrosion results.
    Keywords: Flow accelerated corrosion; Wet steam;Tube specimen; CFD
    3 常规岛弯头壁厚超标问题的探讨 王春霖 叶小斌 王河山 中广核工程有限公司设计院常规岛与公用设施所
    摘 要:针对常规岛弯头壁厚超标问题,从订货规范和加工工艺两方面分析了产生的原因,通过计算,阐述了弯头壁厚超标引起的柔性系数k和应力增强系数i的变化,比较了各种工况下应力计算结果的差别,从而确定了针对壁厚超标弯头进行管系应力计算的方法。该方案成功解决了在判定建项目壁厚超标弯头对已出版管道施工图适用性的问题,为后续的管系设计建立了操作性强的工作模式,对在建和后续工程均有积极而实际的意义。
     关键词:弯头壁厚;柔性系数;应力增强系数;应力计算
    Abstract: For the wall thickness problem more than the standard of elbow in conventional island, the paper introduces the Flexibility and Stress Intensification Factors, discusses the impact because of the wall thickness more than the standard, the impact includes the Flexibility and Stress Intensification Factors, also it includes the Stress calculation. The result shows that the wall thickness more than the standard takes great impact on the Stress distribution and Port thrust. More attention shall be paid to it.
    Key words: wall thickness of elbow; Flexibility factor; Strss Intensification factor; Stress calculation
    4 核电厂设计过程中主蒸汽管道壁厚减薄问题的考虑 石秀强1 刘晓强徐雪莲1张乐福2 1.      上海核工程研究设计院
    2.      .上海交通大学
    摘 要:在核电厂设计过程中,二回路管道的流动诱导材料劣化问题必须加以考虑,它涉及到核电厂安全、高效的运行。本文从核电厂主蒸汽管道设计选材出发,以管道的流动诱导材料劣化为基点,分析了材料劣化的机理,通过定性分析对主蒸汽管道的壁厚减薄进行了初步评估,并使用CHECWORKS软件分析了材料因素对主蒸汽管道壁厚减薄的影响。此外,本文还通过回路试验,研究了高流速蒸汽对不同Cr含量材料腐蚀速率的影响。本文研究结果为核电厂主蒸汽管道设计时的材料选择提供依据。
    关键词:核电厂,主蒸汽管道,流动加速腐蚀,液滴冲蚀
    5 核电站二回路中流体加速腐蚀的探讨 曹培根 姚军 郑剑香 李宁 厦门大学能源研究院
    摘 要:流体加速腐蚀(Flow Accelerated Corrosion)是核电站二回路碳钢或低合金钢材料管道的一个重要的老化机理,历史上曾发生过美国萨里核电站2号机组和日本美滨核电站3号机组管道破裂等导致人员伤亡的严重事故。中国秦山核电站、广东大亚湾等核电站已经运行数十年,流体加速腐蚀问题逐渐突现出来。到2020年,中国还将有多座百万级核电机组建造运行。因此,开展流体加速腐蚀成因及其影响因素的研究,缓解流体加速腐蚀对电站安全影响具有重要的意义。本文探讨了核电站二回路中流体加速腐蚀特征、腐蚀的形成机理、流体加速腐蚀与金属腐蚀的联系和区别;以及影响流体加速腐蚀的主要因素。为核电站二回路有效防止和解决流体加速腐蚀问题提出了积极的建议。 关键词:流体加速腐蚀;材料;核电站二回路
    6 PWR二回路管道壁厚减薄管理导则的分析比较 张孟仪 乌晓燕 国核电站运行服务技术公司
    摘 要:法规导则对压水堆核电厂二回路汽水管道壁厚减薄的管理工作具有重要的指导意义。各核电厂通过对法规导则的贯彻进而建立有效的管理大纲,这对汽水管道老化管理和壁厚监督工作的具体开展和执行具有很大的实践意义。本文对国际上典型的两种导则,美国EPRI NSAC-202L-R3与日本JSME S NG1-2006,从适用范围、管系筛选、测点分布、评定等角度进行分析比较。结果发现,两种方法管理思路各具特点,但都能对相关工作起到有效的指导。该工作对我国PWR二回路管道壁厚减薄管理的工程实施及相关法规规范导则的建立有重要的参考价值。
    关键词:汽水管道;壁厚减薄;老化管理
    Abstract: Codes and rules play important roles in secondary piping wall thinning management in PWR plants. Accordingly, the owners of NPPs develop the guidelines and carry out management programs to perform effective secondary piping management and wall thinning monitoring. Two typical rules, NSAC-202L-R3 from EPRI and NG1-2006 from JSME, are compared in this paper. Scoping, screening, gridding and evaluation are analyzed in detail. The results show that management work following either code, with its own characteristic, would perform effectively. These two codes are of great value in implementing secondary piping wall thinning management and developing relevant codes and rules in China.
    Key words: Two-phase flow pipeline; Wall thinning; Aging management
    7 核电厂二回路管道壁厚局部减薄评定标准的分析与比较 张静 褚凯 王东辉 国核电站运行服务技术公司
    摘 要:由于流动加速腐蚀、气蚀等作用,核电厂二回路管道内壁易产生局部减薄。采用无损检测发现部分管道剩余壁厚低于无损检测验收标准时,若对这些管道一味追求―安全‖而进行更换或维修, 会导致资源浪费。为了保证核电厂二回路管道的安全、经济运行,应依据―合乎使用‖原则,对管道进行评定。本文针对管道壁厚局部减薄的评定方法,如ASME B31G、ASME Code Case N-597、NB/T 20013 和GB/T 19624 进行分析,介绍上述标准的适用范围、管道局部减薄评定的准则和方法等,并对四种不同的方法进行比较,对我国开展核厂二回管道壁厚局部减薄工程评定工作提供参考和借鉴。 关键词:二回路管道;壁厚减薄;评定;标准比较
    8 核电厂二回路FAC壁厚减薄强度评定方法 施少波 桂春 唐毅 中核武汉核电运行技术有限公司
    摘 要:FAC造成二回路管道的壁厚减薄,致使管道的强度降低,当管道减薄到一定程度时,管道会发生破裂,容易引起严重的安全事故。本文针对管道FAC壁厚减薄问题,建立了完整的分析评定路线。重点介绍以API579指导实现的壁厚减薄3级评定方法:利用有限元软件ANSYS的APDL参数化建模功能,建立了直管、弯头、大小头的参数化模型,方便的定义管道的几何参数和材料参数、管端载荷和约束,通过直接调用在役检测的壁厚检测数据,自动建立管道的FAC壁厚减薄的真实壁厚模型。并利用极限载荷法评定壁厚减薄管道的强度,实现了API579壁厚减薄体积型缺陷的3级评定。 关键词:壁厚减薄;参数化建模;3级评定;极限载荷
    9 核电厂二回路汽水管道壁厚管理的历史和进展 钟志民 李劲松 李锴 国核电站运行服务技术公司
    摘 要:科学研究及工程实践表明,与火电厂汽水管道相比,核电厂二回路汽水管道更易受流动加速腐蚀、液滴冲击、气蚀等作用而发生局部壁厚减薄现象。如不进行有效管理,会导致管道泄漏或破裂,严重危害机组运行,甚至造成人员伤亡和重大经济损失。通过调研和分析,本文重点介绍核电发达国家进行核电厂二回路汽水管道壁厚管理的历史,现状和发展趋势。重点分析讨论不同管理方法、工具优缺点、可靠性和经济性。同时,结合我国核电厂实际情况,从标准规范建设、设计制造、运行管理、敏感部位筛选、检测方法选择和实施、结果评价、剩余使用寿命预测和决策、经验反馈的利用、人员培训等方面给出系统地开展核电厂二回路汽水管道壁厚管理工作的意见和建议。
     关键词:核电厂;管道;壁厚减薄;管理
    Abstract: Research and field feedbacks shown that nuclear power plants secondary loop steam and water piping are more sensitive than fuel plant to the attack of flow-accelerated corrosion, liquid droplet impingement or cavitation erosion and will have local wall thinning. It will cause leakage or pipe rupture during nuclear power plant operation, more seriously cause unplanned shut down, human damage and heavy economic losses without effective management of wall-thinning. Through investigation, information collection and analysis, the history and development of wall-thinning management in developped nuclear power plants international country was introduced in this paper. The advantage and disadvantage, reliability and economy of two different management methods are discussed in detail. Furthermore,take into account the actual situation of China nuclear power plants, some advice and suggestion on developing effective nuclear power plant secondary loop steam and water piping wall-thinning management are put forward from code development, design and manufactor,operation management, components and locations selection, inspection method selection and application, result evaluation, residual life predication and decision making, feedbacks usage,personnel training and etc.
     Key words: Nuclear power plant; Piping; Wall-thinning; Management
    10 核电厂二回路壁厚减薄研究与管理信息交流平台的开发与应用 刘枫 张效翔 国核电站运行服务技术公司
    摘 要:本文介绍了由国核电站运行服务技术公司创建国内核电行业的首个二回路壁厚减薄研究与管理信息交流的平台的开发和应用。该平台选用BS模式作为技术路线完成平台的研制和开发。整个平台分为七个功能模块:经典案例模块、经验反馈模块、研究进展模块、法规导则模块、技术咨询模块、案例上传模块和资源共享模块。现覆盖各种案例、法规、研究论文、行业动态信息共440余个。
    关键词:核电厂,壁厚减薄,交流平台,应用现状
     Abstract: This article describes the development and application of a network platform which is developed by SNPSC and is the first in internal nuclear power industry that realizes secondary loop steam and water piping wall-thinning research and management information sharing. This platform selected BS mode as the technical route to carry out the development and is divided into 7 function module, which includes: representative case module, experience feedback module, research progress module, regulation and guide module, technical consultation module, case upload module and resources share module. Now about 440 pieces of information are included in this platform, which cover kinds of cases, regulations, research papers and industry trend information.
    Key words: nuclear power plant; steam and water piping wall-thinning; network platform; application status
    11 核电厂常规岛弯头壁厚的控制 苏秀丽 何菊侃 深圳中广核工程设计有限公司
    摘 要:本文从核电工程在建项目的实际出发,介绍核电厂常规岛弯头壁厚控制要求以及目前在建项目普遍出现的弯头壁厚超标问题,分析常规岛弯头壁厚超标问题的根源、影响以及解决措施,并结合国内弯头加工工艺,提出利于控制弯头壁厚的核电厂常规岛弯头壁厚推荐控制条件。 关键词:核电厂;弯头;壁厚;控制
    12 核电站二回路管道弯头壁厚情况分析 田甜 中广核工程有限公司
    摘 要:因弯头成型工艺的特殊性及核电站二回路管道管件采购条件的严格要求,目前核电站二回路管道用弯头内弧面的实际壁厚普遍高于所连接管道的名义壁厚。虽然弯头内弧面壁厚增加有利于缓解流体冲刷造成壁厚减薄带来的泄漏及破坏风险,但同时弯头壁厚增加也导致整个管系的柔性减弱,可能造成所连接设备的接口推力超标,引起接口局部产生缺陷,导致泄漏。本文以国内某核电站为例,列举大量事实及数据,对核电站二回路管件壁厚情况进行分析,得出最佳处理方式。 关键词:核电站;二回路;弯头;内弧面;热压成型;推制成型
    13 压水堆核电厂二回路管道流速选取探讨 石英 武树成 深圳中广核工程设计有限公司
    摘 要:压水堆核电厂二回路汽、水介质参数相对较低,但流量大,且蒸汽的湿度较大,管道流速的选取影响到管道材质、壁厚、寿命及运行的经济性。本文对不同核电厂二回路管道流速进行了统计对比,提出了主要管道流速选取范围建议。 关键词:管道;流速
    14 核电厂二回路管道壁厚附加厚度的选取探讨 武树成 石英 张卫东 中广核工程有限公司
    摘 要:本文主要针对核电厂二回路管道壁厚的附加厚度,从管道腐蚀或侵蚀附加厚度、管道壁厚偏差附加厚度、管道外径偏差附加厚度以及管道焊接C值对管道壁厚附加厚度的要求四个方面进行了分析探讨,并给出了相应的附加厚度选取建议。
    关键词:核电厂;管道壁厚;附加厚度;壁厚偏差;外径偏差;焊接C值
    Abstract: In view of four aspects of additional wall thickness of pipe erosion/corrosion, additional wall thickness of wall thickness tolerance, additional wall thickness of pipe outside diameter tolerance and additional wall thickness required by values for welding dimention C, the additional pipe wall thickness of thermal recycle circuit of conventional island of nuclear power plant is researched and disscused. In addition, the selection of the additional pipe wall thickness is given.
    Key words: nuclear power; pipe wall thickness; additional wall thickness; wall thickness tolerance; outside diameter tolerance; values for welding dimention C
    15 核电厂二回路汽水管线壁厚减薄记录的分析与应用 李玉鸣 李杰 徐伟 国核电站运行服务技术公司
    摘 要:丰富的工程经验可作为核电厂二回路汽水管线全面、有效管理的参考信息和判断依据。为此,整理分析了国内部分核电厂历次大修测厚报告的壁厚减薄记录,讨论了核电厂二回路汽水管线壁厚减薄的特点。分析结果为核电厂二回路汽水管线检测计划的优化与完善提供了详实的工程经验反馈,有助于增进核电厂二回路汽水管线检测计划的针对性和有效性。同时为核电厂二回路汽水管线失效机理分析和验证老化管理方法的有效性提供了详实的基础数据,可帮助推动核电行业运行数据和经验共享机制的建立。
    关键词:核电厂;汽水管线;壁厚减薄
    Abstract: To implement an effective monitoring program from all aspects and provide engineering experience analyses,wall thinning records are collected from wall thickness measuring reports during outages in domestic nuclear power plants, and are further analyzed to characterize wall thinning of secondary Steam/Water piping. The results could be used as field feedbacks for utilities to improve their secondary piping inspection plans, making them more accurate and effective. At the same time, it could be used as a practical basis for analyzing degradation mechanism of nuclear secondary piping and verifying their ageing management methods. It could further contribute to the foundation of an operation experience and information sharing mechanism in domestic nuclear industry.
    Key words: Nuclear power plant; Steam/Water Piping; Wall thinning
    16 核电厂二回路汽水管道流动加速腐蚀管理的工程实践 郑会 彭欣然 李杰 钟志民 国核电站运行服务技术公司
    摘 要:针对核电厂二回路汽水管道流动加速腐蚀(flow-accelerated corrosion, FAC)以及其他壁厚减薄问题,国内外核电厂都开展了相应的管理和壁厚监测活动。随着运行经验的丰富,国内部分核电厂在借鉴国内外相关经验的基础上,在运行服务支持单位的协助下也逐渐开始构建相应的管理体系来系统化的贯彻和执行FAC壁厚监测和管理活动。在总结国内电厂二回路壁厚减薄管理思路和现状的基础上,结合国核电站运行服务技术公司自身及在国内核电厂进行的二回路汽水管道壁厚监督项目的相关经验,对国内核电厂壁厚管理的工程实践情况进行了系统的梳理和比较。对相关的工程实践经验进行了总结与思考,提出了系统构建二回路壁厚减薄管理体系和进行相应的壁厚监测实践活动的建议。
    关键词:汽水管道;FAC;工程实践
    Abstract: A lot of Management and Monitoring activities have been implemented world-wide to solve flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC) and other secondary piping wall-thinning problems in nuclear power plants (NPPs). With technical supports from operation service organizations, some domestic NPPs are building FAC management system to carry out related activities systematically, referring to the international operation experiences and feedbacks. Based on the analysis and comparison of the Management methodology and status in quo and engineering practices in domestic NPPs, combining with the practices and experiences of State NPP Service Company on FAC and wall-thinning management, a systematic secondary circuit wall-thinning management methodology and corresponding suggestions to the engineering practice activities are proposed.
    Keywords:steam/water pipe; FAC; engineering practice
    17 浅谈秦山核电二期扩建项目二回路管道壁厚 叶跃峰 中国核工业第五建设有限公司
    摘 要:核电厂二回路管道是核电站NSSS核蒸汽供给系统的重要组成部分,其主要包含主蒸汽系统管道和主给水系统管道,这部分管道的原材料质量及施工质量是保证二回路安全的重要前提。本文从施工角度出发,简单阐述秦山核电二扩项目4号机组二回路管道施工过程中遇到的管道壁厚问题及解决方案。希望此文可以为核电厂二回路管道材料制造、验收及施工工作提供少许参考和借鉴。 关键词:二回路管道;壁厚
    18 秦山第三核电有限公司二回路小径管壁厚减薄原因分析 赵亮罗坤杰2 钟赵江2 1.      中核集团秦山第三核电有限公司2.中广核苏州热工研究院有限公司
    摘 要:2011年6月,秦山第三核电有限公司于205大修期间对部分二回路小径管线进行了壁厚测量。发现部分给水管线和疏水管线的孔板下游直管段靠近孔板部位存在壁厚减薄现象。本文对其中一根管线进行了失效分析。利用超声波测厚仪、等离子光谱发生仪、3D体视显微镜、扫描电镜等设备及相应的分析手段对减薄部位和未减薄部位进行了对比分析研究,结果表明管壁异常减薄是由于FAC引起的。利用fluent软件分析了孔板下游易于发生FAC的原因,在靠近孔板位臵流体会形成漩涡,增加了传质速率,形成FAC敏感区。最后,针对FAC的风险管道,本文提出了相应建议。
    19 Review of MsS Guided Wave Testing of Piping and Tubing and New Advancements Sergey Vinogradov1, Hegeon Kwun1, Glenn Light1, Jack Zhao2 1.Southwest Research Institute
    2.Beijing Constant Technology
    Abstract:Long-range guided-wave testing (GWT) of piping and tubing has become increasingly attractive over the last decade because of its effectiveness in finding hidden anomalies and the potential for greatly reducing inspection and monitoring costs. To increase its industrial usage in ever wider areas, there is a need to continuously improve its performance; namely, greater inspection range, better flaw detection sensitivity, better flaw characterization, and higher operable temperature range (250˚C and higher). A review is given on the magnetostrictive sensor (MsS) technology, a long-range guided-wave testing technology developed at Southwest Research Institute®(SwRI®), and recent developments for improving its performance on piping components with a new high-power MsS probe called magnetostrictive transducer (MsT) together with the MsS probes developed for heat exchanger tube testing.
    20 CPR1000机组二回路管道超声波测厚方法探讨 马文民 孙加伟 中广核检测技术有限公司
    摘 要:CPR1000机组的二回路部分管道存在高温、高压介质的侵蚀和腐蚀而导致减薄的风险,引起管道强度降低,必须进行测厚检验,以确保核电站安全运行。本文针对核电站二回路管道测厚部件、测厚方法、测量参数选择及测量步骤等进行探讨。
    关键词:CPR1000机组;核电站;二回路管道;超声波;测厚
    Abstract:CPR1000 unit of the two portion of the loop pipe,presence of high temperature and high pressure,medium the corrosion and corrosion,caused by Pipe thinning risk,reduces the strength,so we must undertake the thickness testing,to ensure safe operation of nuclear power plants. According to the two loop nuclear power plant pipeline thickness measurement component, thickness measurement, measurement parameters and measuring steps,etc. are discussed.
    Keywords:CPR1000 unit; nuclear power plant; two loop pipeline; ultrasonic wave thickness measurement
    21 超声面测厚技术在腐蚀检测中的应用 王巍 于春玲 许凤旌 美国物理声学公司(PAC)北京代表处
    摘 要:随着各种金属设备、装臵的老化,越来越多的装臵需要超期服役,或是需要在监控使用。如何监测腐蚀问题成为最受关注的问题。其中尤其是以点状腐蚀为首的危害性腐蚀,由于其危害性巨大,检测难度巨大,成为各种装臵预防的头等难题。如何在当前的技术条件下,针对点状腐蚀进行有效检测和监测,就成为技术攻关的难点。腐蚀面测厚的出现,从某种程度解决了这个问题。 关键词:腐蚀面测厚;实时成像;厚度点阵;自动扫查;传感器;腐蚀监测
    22 超声衍射时差法对焊缝根部减薄测量的可行性探讨 汪明辉 李锴 郑子昂 钟志民 国核电站运行服务技术公司
    摘 要:核电厂给水管道中,经常发生焊缝根部的FAC减薄。由于管道焊缝表面存在余高,常规超声测厚方法在测量焊缝根部的FAC减薄时存在困难。本文将探讨采用超声衍射时差法(TOFD)对焊缝根部FAC减薄进行测量的可行性,并介绍一些检测试验结果及现场检测时可能存在的影响因素。
    关键词:核电厂;FAC;超声衍射时差乏;TOFD;测厚
    Abstract: It is often to find FAC locate at weld root of feed-water pipeline in nuclear power plant. Because of the presence of weld crown in the surface, it is difficult to measure the ligament of the FAC locate at the weld root by conventional ultrasonic method. In this paper, the author give a discussion about feasibility of TOFD method used for thickness measurement of FAC locate at weld root, and introduce some examination results about it, and potential influent factor for on-site use.
    Key words: Nuclear power plant; FAC; Time of flight diffracion; TOFD; Thickness measurement
    23 核电机组凝汽器热交换管涡流检验及数据分析 王小刚 贝雅耀 中广核检测技术有限公司
    摘 要:本文研究了核电机组凝汽器热交换管涡流检验及数据分析方法。主要讨论了凝汽器热交换管的常见失效形式及其涡流检测方法,检验发现凹陷及内壁材料损失是凝汽器热交换管运行初期的主要缺陷形式,同时应用涡流数据分析方法对此类显示进行了分析测量,最后对缺陷显示进行了目视检查(内窥镜)确认。
    关键词:凝汽器;热交换管;涡流检验;数据分析
    Abstract: This paper studied the eddy current inspection and data analysis for condenser heat exchange tubes of nuclear power plant units. Mainly we discussed the common failure types and the eddy current inspection methods of condenser heat exchange tubes, it was found that the denting and ID wall material loss were the most common defects during the early operation period. We analyzed and measured this kind of defects using eddy current data analysis method and confirmed by the visual testing (endoscope).
    Keywords: Condenser; Heat Exchange Tubes; Eddy Current Inspection; Data Analysis
    24 核电厂小径薄壁管超声波测厚方法及实践应用 汪明辉1 秦金光2 王国圈1石欢1 1.国核电站运行服务技术公司2.江苏核电有限公司
    摘 要:核电站厂房内布臵有大量的小径薄壁管,这些管道长期处于恶劣工况下运行,壁厚减薄的速率很快,给机组运行安全、人员安全以及环境安全都带来了一定的隐患。本文介绍了用于核电厂小径薄壁管超声波测厚的方法及实践应用情况。
    关键词:核电厂;小径薄壁管;超声波;测厚
    Abstract: There are many pipes with small diameter and thin thickness, those pipes always service in bad condition, it’s thickness decrease quickly, so there are potential risk for the plant, employee and environment. In this paper, the author introduce the ultrasonic thickness measurement method and practice for pipe with small diameter and thin thickness in nuclear power plant.
    Key words: Nuclear power plant; Small and thin pipe; Ultrasonic; Thickness measurement
    25 核电厂二回路管道壁厚测量方法总结及展望 郭磊 马先宏 国核电站运行服务技术公司
    摘 要:核电厂二回路管道的局部减薄问题会增加管道泄漏和破裂的风险,影响核电厂运行的可靠性和安全性。在对该实施有效管理的实践活动中,管道壁厚的测量是最基础也是十分重要的一个环节。国内外的科研机构、检测单位、业主单位等开展了大量的工作,以期寻找准确、快速、便捷的管道薄厚测试方法。本文就近些年来出现的一些管道壁厚测量的方法进行了总结,就各种方法的优缺点、适应性等方面进行了对比分析;并在此基础上,就壁厚测量方法的发展方向提出了展望。
    关键词:核电厂;管道壁厚;测量方法 Abstract: The piping wall local thinning in the secondary loop of Nuclear Power Plants(NPP) will result in the increase of the risk for the piping leak and crack, and finally compromise the safety and reliability of the NPP. Among the management activities for this issue, the measurement of the wall thickness is most fundamental and important. Many research organizations and licensees have done a lot of tests in order to find a accurate, fast, effective method for the wall thickness measurement. The methods used in wall thickness measurement in recent years were summarized in this article. A comparison was also made among these methods on the applicability and effectiveness. Based on the comparison, the prospect of the wall thickness measurement was also discussed.
    Key words: Nuclear power plant; Piping Wall Thickness; Measurement Methods
    1 引
    26 现场光谱分析在核电厂汽水管道壁厚减薄管理中的应用 李杰 刘蛟 郑会 陈伟民 国核电站运行服务技术公司
    摘 要:在流动加速腐蚀作用下,核电厂二回路汽水管道会发生局部壁厚减薄现象。如不进行有效的壁厚减薄管理将会导致管道破裂、机组计划外停机、人员伤亡等严重后果。研究及实践表明,目前已有多种技术用于抑制、减缓上述壁厚减薄现象。其中,选用抗FAC性能优良的管道材料能有效地降低壁厚减薄速率并已在设计或设计变更中得到广泛应用。此外,在汽水管道壁厚减薄管理实践中,根据管道材质进行FAC敏感性分析并基于分析结果进行敏感部位的筛选和排序,是实现有效管理的重要组成部分。本文重点探讨了现场光谱分析技术在上述实践活动中的应用及影响现场检测结果的有关因素。工程实践和试验结果表明现有光谱分析仪器和技术能满足核电厂二回路管道壁厚减薄管理的工程实践需求,但应注意实施过程中不利因素的控制并减低其对结果不确定度的影响;此外,应积极推进该技术的应用,使其在材料成分核查、FAC敏感性分析以及敏感管道筛选发挥应有的作用并促进核电厂二回路管道壁厚减薄管理的有效实施。 关键词:核电厂;管道;壁厚减薄;现场光谱分析 Abstract: The nuclear power plant secondary loop steam and water piping will have local wall thinning due to the attack of flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC). If having not effective management, it will occur piping rupturing, shutting down out of plan, human damaging and so on. Nowadays, the research and practice showed that a variety of techniques had been used to suppress and mitigate this phenomenon. Using of the excellent FAC-resistant piping materials can effectively reduce the rate of wall-thinning, as a result, it has been widely used in design or later design alteration. In addition, the important part of the wall-thinning management is to screen the susceptible locations of FAC,based on the sensitivity analysis results of FAC. This paper focused on the application of field spectrum analysis in above engineering practice and the influencing factors of the inspection. The results of engineering practice and test showed that the field spectrum analysis and field spectrum equipments could meet the requirements of engineering practice of the secondary loop steam and water piping wall-thinning management in nuclear power plants, but it should control and reduce the adverse factors which impact on the inspection uncertainty; furthermore, this technology should be actively implemented in secondary loop steam and water piping wall-thinning management in the nuclear power plant used to verify the material composition, carry out FAC sensitivity analysis, and screen sensitive piping. Keywords: nuclear power plant; piping; wall thinning; field spectrum analysis
    2 引言
     
    压水堆核电厂二回路汽水管道主要包括主蒸汽管线、辅助蒸汽管线、主给水管线、辅助给水管线、轴封蒸汽管线、凝结水管线、疏水管线、抽汽管线、再热蒸汽等管线。上述管线在服役期间,受气蚀(Cavitation erosion)、液滴冲击(Liquid droplet impingement,下称LDI)、流动加速腐蚀(Flow-Accelerated Corrosion,下称FAC)等作用会发生管道内壁局部壁厚减薄的现象[1]。国外统计数据表明,FAC引起的核电站管道失效占管道失效事件的30%以上。
    影响二回路汽水管道壁厚减薄的主要因素有管道材质、流速、温度、湿度、管道几何结构和水化学等。经业界多年研究和工程实践,已有多种方式抑制、控制、减缓壁厚减薄现象。图1为材料中Cr、Mo合金元素与FAC速率的关系。由图可知,随钢中Cr、Mo含量的增加,材料抗FAC能力逐渐增强。研究表明,当管道材料的Cr含量高于0.1%时,其对FAC有一定抵抗能力,Cr含量超过1%则基本对FAC基本免疫[3]。所以在FAC敏感管线、部位选择Cr含量较高的材料能有效的减少FAC的发生概率,也对减少壁厚减薄现象有优良的效果。而Cu含量提高也对FAC有略微抵抗左右,但由于在管道材料中添加Cu会导致热处理时出现热脆现象,当Cu含量超过0.35%时易发生铜2011 核电厂二回路管道壁厚管理研讨会
    28 可用于核电材料腐蚀监测的电化学技术 董士刚1 林昌健2 胡融刚2杜荣归2吕虹玮1 1.      厦门大学能源研究院2.固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室
    2.       
    摘 要:介绍了几种可用于核电站设施腐蚀监测的电化学技术。发展了多功能腐蚀传感器技术,能同时得到混凝土pH、Cl-浓度及钢筋腐蚀电位、腐蚀速度等重要的腐蚀参数,可用于核电钢筋混凝土结构的腐蚀监测,评估混凝土结构的耐久性和使用寿命;基于多重电位扫描原理而发展了有机涂层耐蚀性能快速测试技术,可用于有机涂层耐腐蚀性能的现场快速监测。 关键词:腐蚀;监测;电化学技术
    29 手持式光谱仪在流动加速腐蚀中的应用 华永成 牛津仪器
    FAC(Flow Accelerated Corrosion)流体加速的腐蚀,有时也被称为流体促进的腐蚀。流体加速腐蚀通常是指由于单相液流或气液双相流体将碳钢或者低合金钢表面的保护性氧化膜(Fe3O4)溶解,而造成氧化膜减薄并引起碳钢或低合金钢腐蚀速率增大的现象。流动加速腐蚀现象常见于压水堆核电站二回路管路系统、火力发电厂加热器、油田采油管线以及高温高压蒸汽冷凝水管线等。典型流体有流动的水或者蒸馏水。这些流体经过长达几年的腐蚀会使管道壁或者部件变薄.而这些变薄的管壁可能在毫无征兆情况下发生严重的事故。FAC的发生主要取决与管道的化学成分,管道的几何形状,流体的流速和流体的水化学。其中管道的化学成分主要是Cr元素的影响,因为氧化物膜的稳定性和可溶性由合金材料的成份和含量决定。最有益的元素是Cr,通常1%的铬含量就能使FAC速率降到很低甚至可以忽略。有证据表明,只要含有铬,即使含量很低甚至达到0.1wt%时仍能显著降低单相流体的FAC速率,Mo和Cu也有助于减小FAC的速率。合金元素可以降低FAC的速率主要是生成了比Fe3O4可溶性更小的氧化物(如FeCr2O4),同时氧化物中的孔也减少了。 在美国和欧洲分别采用耐热的低碳钢A106和ST.44.0组装发电厂蒸馏系统.这些合金中的Cr含量都低于0.1%。根据美国机械工程协会规范,Cr的总量应该控制在0-0.4%之间。如果Cr含量低于0.05%,流体加速的腐蚀进程将显著提高。同时也会添加Cu和Mo来阻止FAC.主成分不是影响FAC的唯一因素.其它因素包括管道几何构造、水中的含氧总量、流速、化学成分以及流体材料的PH值。 既然合金元素在控制FAC中起了重要的作用,所以用测量材料中合金元素的含量就成了控制FAC的一种方法。传统的测量金属元素的方法,如光学发射光谱已经被应用这个领域。最新的进展是能量色散型X射线手持式光谱仪也被允许测量FAC。
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